6月22日,魏淑芬在进行直播“带货”。受访者供图
5月27日,安秋金在贵州为当地农产品进行直播“带货”。受访者供图
未来的竞争肯定越来越激烈。有创意、有想法的主播更容易冒出来,也能走得更远,投机的人可能会突然冒出,但是沉寂下去也会很快。
“过了一两年或者两三年,我还没火,肯定要考虑转行。”目前正在浙江省义乌市某传媒公司进行直播带货实践的00后女生周晗说。
她是义乌工商职业技术学院模特与礼仪专业大一学生,长相甜美,喜欢“二次元”,擅长跳舞。约在3个月前,她所在学院和这一传媒公司合作培养电商直播达人,周晗很快报了名,“现在电商直播带货这么火,机会来了,就要抓住”。
5月8日,她考下了义乌市人社局颁发的“电商直播专项职业能力证书”,并考虑将电商主播作为自己未来的正式职业。不久,她这一职业又有了个“官方认证”的名称——直播销售员,是人力资源和社会保障部拟发布的10个新职业之一“互联网营销师”下设的工种。
“一个工作的从业人员至少达到5000人以上,才能称之为职业。”中国轻工业联合会职业技能评价中心主任浦永详说,目前互联网营销师有近800万人,预计今年将达1500万人,“缺口约为五六百万人”。
近日,招聘平台BOSS直聘发布的《2020上半年直播带货人才报告》显示,今年上半年,“直播经济”业态主要岗位的人才需求量达到2019年同期的3.6倍,涌入行业的求职者规模也达到去年同期的2.4倍。眼下,不少青年人瞄准了这一“缺口”或者说“风口”,已经开始在这一新职业中摸索前行。
要人设,更要产品质量
“主播”这一工作在周晗的想象中原本是这样的:把自己装扮好,打开镜头,和直播间网友们聊天就行。有时看到屏幕里不会讲话、一动不动“跟油画似的”的主播,周晗心想,“自己肯定比他们要强,至少不会不说话”。
但第一次试播,当镜头对准自己,灯光打在身上,周晗发现,“自己也不会讲话了”,直播间只来了两三位网友,且“不会搭理人”,“直播远比想象中要复杂的多,要学习的也很多”。
在之后一个月,周晗所在的传媒公司对她进行约一个月的培训,从直播平台的“游戏规则”到直播实操流程,从直播脚本写作到舞蹈、化妆等。最终,公司结合她的市场及其个人情况给她定下来的“人设”是“二次元少女”。在周晗看来,“人设”是经营一个账号的第一步,像是未来发展方向的一个路标,“你不能今天‘二次元’,明天就去做美食去了,‘人设’就是自己的定位”。
要说“人设”,95后小伙儿安秋金应该算是“美食圈的相声咖、相声界的rapper star(说唱明星)”。相较于安秋金这个名字,可能很多网友更熟悉他的另一个称呼“贫穷料理”——穿着黑色褂衫,戴着一副圆框墨镜,手握一把写着“按时吃饭”的折扇,从2018年开始尝试短视频制作,现已是一位千万粉丝的美食达人。在他看来,与其说要立“人设”,不如说是要展示更真实的自我,“有些东西,比如对美食的热爱是装不来的,网友一眼就能把你看穿”。
安秋金从小爱做饭,别人是守着电视看动画,他看的都是厨艺节目。在大四从厦门大学嘉庚学院法学专业毕业后,他受学长邀请加入到他的MCN(Multi-Channel Network缩写,一种多频道网络的产品形态——编辑注)公司奇迹山,“公司也发现我爱做饭、会rapper等等的特点,最终选择美食这一垂直领域”。
当然,“带货”就要给“货”把好关。
以推荐办公室趣味美食为主的直播带货“达人”魏淑芬,自从2018年开始直播便坚持着“一定要试吃才能推荐”的原则,为“选品”不知尝了多少零食,体重也跟着涨了10多斤。“除了口感,我们得看它的成分、产地等,然后和商家去谈折扣,看能不能给直播间的朋友争取更多优惠。”魏淑芬告诉记者,主播要站在网友的立场为他们把好关,“如果味道不好或价格太高或食品质量没保障,我们会直接拒绝。如果有很好的产品,我们也会主动去找商家谈合作,有的会来回磨合很久”。
因产品质量问题导致直播带货“翻车”的现象也不鲜见。浦永详也提醒想踏入这一行业的人,对产品要有一定的选择,“几年前,一些平台卖‘三无’产品,比如面膜等,给用户造成不可修复的伤害,营销师要减少这种事情的发生,要遵纪守法,包括《广告法》,不能恶性竞争,不能用极端的语言等”。
有创意有想法的主播更容易冒出来
如果说直播“带货”是一次人气的比拼,那平日的短视频制作则是人气“积淀”。“涨粉丝还是要靠视频,如果你有一个视频突然爆了,你的粉丝一下子涨很快。”几乎每天睁开眼,周晗就开始想,“今天要发什么视频?”
为此,她会去学跳正热门的舞,学着给视频配时下流行的背景音乐,不断刷别人的视频或直播并努力从中寻找涨粉技能,会为时高时低的“流量”而焦虑,看到有新人进入公司会更紧张。她也会从视频的播放量、点赞量的迂回攀升中找到继续坚持下的理由,会在平台和公司分给的几百元提成中感受到“价值感”。她现在最大的心愿是粉丝能够破万,虽然她距离这个目标还有点远。
但即便拥有了500万粉丝,魏淑芬也依然难逃如何继续涨粉的焦虑。“两周没怎么涨粉,情况已经很严重了……现在是个瓶颈期。”究竟哪里出了问题?她想也许是观众审美疲惫。怎么突破?她还没想好,虽然吃饭、走路都会想,有时会想到失眠。但第二天早上依然7点起床化妆,拍视频、直播,然后加班到10点以后。她说,“现在就有种停不下来的感觉。”尽管不知未来究竟如何。
“你不知道网友究竟喜欢什么,可能他们今天喜欢这个,明天就喜欢那个,热点稍纵即逝,太难了。”周晗告诉记者,如果播放量、点赞量下降,平台给支持的流量会缩减,“这样一种机制或者说规则会不断逼你去想办法”。
类似的状态,安秋金已经历过两次:第一次是粉丝量达到60万时开始停滞不前,他记得,他和团队在那之后的72天没休息过一天,每天都在拍,也都在想办法。一天,他在公司偶然看到一件“店小二”的褂衫,往身上一披,突然有了想法——花几十块钱扯了块黑布做背景,穿上古风褂衫,将原本的“说唱”改成“说书”,打磨菜品解说词,加强视频的节奏感……做好了背水一战的打算,“这次若再不成功,就改行,回家找份工作或考个公务员”。
没想到,自此粉丝一路涨至100多万。持续更新了一段时间后,粉丝增长量又达到“瓶颈”,安秋金团队再次做了内容的升级,如今他的全网粉丝总量已超3000万。但当真正走红时,安秋金并没有“如释重负”,反而压力更大,“你会想得更多,有更多的顾虑”,“说实话,我很怕被淘汰……能做的就是不断调整好自己,向前走”。
“不管你有多少粉丝,你的内容一旦停止了创作、创新,数据就会很差。”一位MCN公司的工作人员告诉记者,自己所在公司孵化过很多的账号,“总结出来的不是做账号的方法论,而是培养出了‘网感’,更知道大家喜欢看什么,不喜欢看什么”。在她看来,未来的竞争肯定越来越激烈,“有创意、有想法的主播更容易冒出来,也能走得更远,投机的人可能会突然冒出,但是沉寂下去也会很快”。
中青报·中青网记者 孙庆玲 李桂杰
原文链接:http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/29/ARTI1X8nfqdo3ahh2ZJSEBLL200629.shtml
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